NGFS Issues Declaration on the Economic Cost of Climate Inaction at COP30

Today, the Network of central banks and supervisors for Greening the Financial System (NGFS) releases its Declaration on the Economic Cost of Climate Inaction on the occasion of the 30th United Nations Climate Change Conference (COP30) in Belém, Brazil. The declaration underscores the mounting macroeconomic and financial risks of delayed climate action and reaffirms the NGFS’s commitment to supporting a well-managed transition to a low-carbon economy.

Published on the 5th of November 2025

As a coalition of 146 central banks and financial supervisors and 23 observers from around the world, the NGFS:

  • Highlights the rising economic costs of climate inaction, with material economic and financial risks that have implications for the core mandates of central banks and financial supervisors.
  • Warns that delayed action could halve the effectiveness of transition efforts, with transition costs rising from 0.5% to 1.3% of global GDP by 2030 in the case of a three-year delay.
  • Stresses that climate-related shocks could trigger global spillovers, by disrupting food systems, energy markets and supply chains, resulting in macro-financial instability and disproportionately impacting vulnerable economies.
  • Calls for financial institutions to factor climate and nature-related risks into their strategies and operations, through scenario analysis, climate disclosure standards and transition planning.

The declaration draws on recent NGFS publications, which provide tools for central banks and financial supervisors to integrate climate and nature-related risks into their strategies. “Our short-term scenarios illustrate that climate change bears​ severe financial threats in the short run, not only in the long run” says Sabine Mauderer, Chair of the NGFS and First Deputy Governor of the Deutsche Bundesbank. “A whole-of-economy effort is needed to avoid severe economic disruptions and ensure financial stability.”

Through its work, the NGFS shows that addressing climate-related financial risks like any other financial risk benefits both the financial system and the planet. “Effectively managing climate risks is not just an environmental issue, it is integral for building financial resilience. By doing so, we can contribute to a smooth transition towards a sustainable economy” adds Fundi Tshazibana, Vice-Chair of the NGFS and Deputy Governor of the South African Reserve Bank.

The NGFS will participate in several events at COP30, to foster dialogue on how central banks, supervisors, and the broader financial community can drive climate ambition and economic resilience. “COP30 is a pivotal moment to re-anchor global action in evidence and credibility,” notes Yann Marin, Secretary general of the NGFS and Deputy Director for Financial Stability at Banque de France. “The NGFS stands ready to support this effort with science-based analysis, forward-looking tools, and practical guidance.”

Connect to the Declaration’s virtual launch event on November 12, at 12:00pm CET, to hear more from the NGFS Chair, Vice-Chair, Secretary general and other members.

 

About the NGFS

The Network for Greening the Financial System (NGFS) was launched at the Paris One Planet Summit on 12 December 2017. It represents a group of central banks and supervisors, which are willing to share best practices and contribute to the development of environment and climate risk management in the financial sector, and to mobilise mainstream finance to support the transition toward a sustainable economy. The NGFS brings together 146 central banks and supervisors and 23 observers. The NGFS is chaired by Sabine Mauderer, First Deputy Governor of the Deutsche Bundesbank, with the support of the Vice Chair, Fundi Tshazibana, Deputy Governor of the South African Reserve Bank and Chief Executive Officer of the Prudential Authority. The Secretariat, headed by Yann Marin, is provided by the Banque de France.

For more details, visit the NGFS website, LinkedIn account, and 2024 Annual Report, or contact the NGFS Secretariat at the Banque de France: sec.ngfs@banque-france.fr.

Press Office at the Banque de France: +33 (0) 1 42 92 39 00 / presse@banque-france.fr

Updated on the 5th of November 2025